Class Ending...Thoughts

This course was a bit difficult for me to keep up with and the financial aspect of the course content was fairly hard for me to follow. Although it has been tough, I understand the purpose. I’m aware that I will need to understand the costs of various aspects of education and perhaps, at some point, be able to calculate these costs, create a budget, and follow the budget, so this information has been extremely helpful.

 It’s also been very helpful for me to understand the real costs of certain distance education items. This was my first major exposure to realistic costs of certain items, such as content development and learning management systems.

As far as the assignments, I really appreciated this reflective journal assignment because, at times, the number of topics in the weekly classroom discussions has been overwhelming. Also, I found myself struggling to write a substantial post in the somewhat scattered threads. This journal has been a “quiet space” for me to reflect on the course topics, discussions, and assignments.

I enjoyed the live Wimba session with Tony Bates and I wish that these types of sessions were present in every course in the OMDE program. This was, by far, my favorite course activity and it was great to not only have the opportunity to ask Tony a question and to hear his thoughts on various topics, but to also hear from my other classmates.

The most interesting topic to me this semester was Human Capital Theory.  Although I identified several weaknesses of the theory in my paper, the few strengths outweighed the weaknesses. I think that the strengths versus the weaknesses are what made the topic so interesting to me. I didn’t find it difficult to identify the weaknesses of this theory, but while writing the paper, I didn’t think that I would come to the conclusion that the few strengths I identified outweighed my long list of weaknesses.  That was a bit surprising, yet enlightening.

Overall, this course definitely pulled me out of my comfort zone (with all of the financial aspects) and I learned a great deal.

Web 2.0

Web 2.0 technology has pretty much taken over the internet. I think that Web 2.0 tools are great for use in the classroom. I created this reflective journal using Blogger and have enjoyed the creation and development process. Using various technologies in the classroom is vital to the learning experience, especially when studying in a program like the OMDE. I find myself thinking of ways that I can incorporate some of the tools that I’ve used in different classes in the classrooms that I create in my professional life. The exposure to different technologies not only promotes an exciting and dynamic atmosphere, but it enables the student to get hands-on experience using the different tools.

My favorite Web 2.0 platform at the moment is Pinterest. I just heard, from a news source, that Pinterest is the 3^rd most visited social media site…I’m assuming that Facebook and Twitter are in the number 1 and 2 spots, but the report didn’t specifically say that. I joined Pinterest about six months ago and am amazed at its growth since then. As a very visual person, the fact that the site is image-driven is amazing to me.

I attended a webinar that discussed social media sites a couple of months ago. The presenter mentioned Pinterest, but didn’t see any relevant educational value in the platform. I totally disagree with that. Pinterest would be most conducive to educational programs that are design-focused, such as art programs, interior design, and even architecture, but there are several other subjects that could use Pinterest to enhance students learning. Pinterest could even be used to create a classroom pinboard that students in pretty much any program could use to pin images specific to the course content and readings throughout the duration of the course.

Education as a Product?

A quote in Simpson’s (2008) chapter is very intriguing to me--

“But treated in purely economic terms, education is a strange kind of product. What manufacturer would run a production line with a consistent failure rate of 20–40% on the way to the finished article—and perversely take pride in that failure rate on the grounds that it must indicate the high quality of the final product? As the manager of a small manufacturing enterprise remarked to me, “You people in universities astonish me. You seem perfectly happy with a failure rate of up to 40%. If I manufactured a product with that kind of failure rate I’d have to change my production processes or my suppliers or I’d be out of business in weeks” (p. 186).

Of course, education is not the same, in most regards, as a product that one manufactures and puts on a shelf. There are many variables that go into educational endeavors, as well as many different types of learners that one must effectively reach with this “product” of education. Although there are similarities, perhaps in the production process as noted in the theory of the industrialization of education, unlike products, most educational content regularly evolves.  Most products are updated on a much less regular basis.

There are so many factors that can go into educational failure rates.  The professor may not be the right type of professor for some students, some students may decide to go into a different career direction, thus, following a different educational path, personal issues may arise making school a non-priority, etc. Just because a student drops out, it doesn’t mean that the withdrawal is a direct reflection of the education that the student was given. Perhaps proactive strategies could have been used to retain the student, but perhaps not. Education is a commitment and unfortunately, some people cannot balance the commitment with their other life commitments.

Simpson, O. (2008). Cost-benefit of student retention policies and practice. In W.J. Bramble & S. Panda (Eds.), Economics of Distance and Online learning, (pp. 162–178). New York, NY: Routledge.

Reactive and Proactive Student Support

Student retention is, and probably always will be, an ongoing discussion in higher education. I personally believe that there are a number of factors that affect student retention and most of these factors cannot be accurately predicted or remedied by an institution. In Simpson’s (2008) chapter, he discusses reactive versus proactive retention strategies.  A reactive strategy discussed by Simpson (2008) included “strategies aimed at retrieving students who have just withdrawn from their course or withdrew in some previous year…” (p. 200). Although Simpson (2008) reports “a retrieval rate of around 10%” of withdrawn students, it seems unlikely to me that many students who have just withdrawn will be easily convinced to go back to school. I guess it doesn’t hurt to try and convince students to come back, especially if the effort made is minimal as far as staff and cost.

 Among adult students in the 25 and up range, it would seem that the work-life-school balance would be a large part of withdrawals, as well as financial restrictions.  I think that identifying these students upon enrollment and giving them additional support would help in the retention effort. As Simpson (2008) points out, “…it should not be difficult to predict individual new students’ chances of success from their personal characteristics—such as age, gender, previous educational level, and other factors—using a logistic regression analysis of previous students’ success rates, and applying that to the new students” (p. 200).

In thinking about strategies for student retention, I thought about my experience here at UMUC. I don’t recall any specific student retention activities directed specifically towards me, other than receiving a few emails and calls from my student advisor.  I have probably only spoken to her once or twice during my time here at UMUC which has been about three years. I would think that I’m a “high-risk” student, but maybe not so much, since most of the students here at UMUC are balancing school, work, and family. Perhaps if I were in a graduate program on a traditional brick-and-mortar campus, I would be categorized as a “high-risk” student?

Simpson, O. (2008). Cost-benefit of student retention policies and practice. In W.J. Bramble & S. Panda (Eds.), Economics of Distance and Online learning, (pp. 162–178). New York, NY: Routledge.

Group Project Progress

The Group Project for Assignment 3 is steadily moving forward. Although I am fortunate to be in a great group, I think that we initially got off to a slow start because we were very focused on finding realistic figures regarding our information security course. Once we got over the hurdle of figures, all other elements of the project have come together pretty well.

We’ve had meetings once a week, using the Study Group chat room, since the beginning of the project and have all been involved in the decision making for the various elements of our course. Additionally, we’ve all located and shared really great resources to aid in the development of the project.

Through our research, we’ve reviewed several cyber security courses that are currently offered at universities. The variety of these types of courses is almost overwhelming. Many institutions offer some sort of information security degree or certificate program, so planning a scenario and figuring out the finances for a mock course has been extremely interesting. I’m leading the PowerPoint development and crafting a formal course description for our course.  My other group members are taking the lead on the scenario and the spreadsheet. All group members are providing input on all of these efforts. This is a true group experience!

Although I work on online courses by day, I had absolutely no concept of the costs of developing a course or program before taking OMDE 606. This course, as a whole, and Assignment 3 have given me a better understanding of the thought and planning that must go into developing a new course.

Tony Bates Wimba Session

The Wimba session with Tony Bates was very informative and provided me with a wealth of knowledge regarding both the costs that go into creating online learning, as well as the steps in creating an e-learning plan. A few items stuck out to me during the Wimba session with Tony Bates.

First, the notion of surveying students regarding feedback on course content and design is troubling. To me, a lack of informative and useful responses from students seems to be a very weak aspect of the current online learning process. Standard surveys, as mentioned by Bates, typically do not provide a great deal of useful information and have low response rates. One strategy that Bates mentioned as helpful in the course evaluation process is the use of student focus groups. This is a great idea! Another idea for student feedback that I have experienced in online courses is a conference thread towards the end of the class that prompts students to answer content and technology-related questions about the course.

Another item that I found to be interesting during the session was the idea of providing students with a variety of options to complete their assignments in order to better accommodate students’ different learning styles. This is an exciting idea to me, as both an online learner and an Instructional Designer. In another one of my classes this semester, this topic was also discussed and seems to be an emerging idea in the online learning field. The idea that I could potentially submit an assignment through a video presentation, an audio presentation, or a written paper, etc., is amazing.

Third, the notion of creating courses that are designed with students with disabilities in mind is an excellent idea. Unfortunately, in my professional experience, courses are created for the masses and when a student needs additional support, there is a frenetic scrambling to get the student what they need in the appropriate format. I think that this is ridiculous and diminishes the student’s learning process because materials are tossed together at the last minute. The most sensible way to remedy this issue would be to design courses, as best as possible, with all learners in mind.

The "Undeserving"

One of the discussions that I found most interesting during the conference with Greville was the discussion around the “deserving” and the “undeserving”. Like one of my fellow classmates, Cynthia, who stated, “I've experienced conversations where smug decision-makers want to keep higher education for the "deserving"; for those who have proven that they are committed to success”, I have also experienced similar conversations such as this.

In my experience, this conversation came about during a company conference in which the topic of discussion was multicultural awareness and sensitivity in the online classroom. This topic was of importance because at the time, there were a large number of Nigerian students enrolled in programs at a UK school that we create courses for. Some students were having problems with the course materials and certain deadlines. The discussion revolved around designing course content in a non-Western exclusive manner and maintaining a cultural awareness during the course development process. 

Unfortunately, a couple of my colleague’s felt that designing course materials in this way would result in “dumbing” down the content. Also, there was a feeling that these Nigerian students were probably not afforded the same quality of education as their peers in the online programs and this was why they experienced difficulties.

Although I can understand the latter, the notion that designing with a multicultural awareness in mind is “dumbing” down the content seems like a pretty prejudice statement to me. This way of thinking should not have any place in distance education. I do wonder, however, what is one to do in a situation where online students are meeting in the same classroom, but may not have similar educational experience or backgrounds? One of the original goals of distance education is to provide education to students who want it, with limited enrollment requirements. This is a great idea, but I wonder how well it works in practice and how many students suffer in silence because they can’t grasp particular concepts.

This varying level of experience in certain areas made me think about undergrad and how students were assessed in Math and English and if a student scored below the requirement level, they were required to take remedial classes for these subjects. I’m not sure how many online programs offer this, but I certainly haven’t experienced this at UMUC or at any of the online schools that I work with professionally. I wonder how much it would cost to assess students. Also, what would be the cost to implement remedial courses for students?

I did a quick search in the library to identify some literature on remedial online college courses and couldn’t really find anything. I found a lot of articles related to remedial community college classes, some articles that mentioned high school classes, and a few that discussed traditional universities, but nothing for online programs.

Rumble's "Social Justice, Economics, and Distance Education"

Rumble's article explores ways that distance education can be used, as a cost-effective effort, in order to improve “bad lives”.  I totally agree with Rumble's opening assertion that “education…is a fundamental right” (p. 167).  Although I wholeheartedly agree with this statement, history has shown that higher education is seen as more of a business and a place for those in the elite class, as opposed to a “fundamental right” for all. Even today, when one encounters someone from a lower socioeconomic class who has graduated from an Ivy League school, it is viewed as a nearly impossible success story and a welcome surprise, not at all something that is seen as normal.

Rumble asserts that the state or government should “ensure that education is provided cheaply and flexibly to meet the lifelong needs of some 9.4 million people in 2050” (p. 168). This number is staggering and makes me wonder, how can the government ensure that access to education is available for this number of people? Also, is this something that the government wants to do? The state of primary education that serves students of lower socioeconomic status, at least in the United States, is pretty reprehensible in certain areas of the country. This primary education that the government is supposed to be providing is, in recent years, being overshadowed by a much higher quality of education that these students are receiving from charter schools that are not run by the government.

With this said, my belief in the government regarding its priorities when it comes to education, in general, is not high. Essentially, I am not sure if the government would want to ensure equal access to education for 9.4 million people.

Rumble states, “The implications of my position for distance educators are varied, but they include a re-emphasising of the humanitarian mission of distance education as a means of meeting lifelong educational needs of massive numbers of people” (p. 168). This ideology is amazing and is one of the reasons why I enjoy the field of distance education so much. Unfortunately, not everyone working in the distance education field has this humanitarian mission in mind when creating and teaching courses. Is this because some educators find themselves suddenly creating courses for students in various corners of the world and no longer engaging in traditional education with their local students, who they know and identify with? Or could this be because the same disparities that are seen in traditional education are spilling over to distance education, despite its humanitarian beginnings? Or is it the fear of the “unknown”?

Either way, I believe that in order for distance education to meet the needs of all students around the world, those working on and teaching courses for these students must understand the humanitarian purpose of distance education.

Reference:

Rumble, G. (2007). Social justice, economics and distance education. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 22(2), 167-176.

Reflection on the 2nd Assignment

Unfortunately, Assignment 2 did not go as well as I had hoped. Like some of my fellow classmates, this assignment was difficult for me because of the heavily-infused mathematical aspects of the assignment. Initially, creating the Excel file with the required items was pretty simple, but connecting the Excel sheet to some of the questions in the question and answer part of the assignment was a lot more difficult for me. Number crunching and equations typically make me panic, but tying these numbers to the different costs was overwhelming.

I realize that by working in the distance education field, one must be knowledgeable about the different types of costs that must be researched, accounted for, and budgeted. As an Instructional Designer, my hope is that I won’t have to worry about costing items too much. In my experience, that has been more of a concern of Project Managers and those in executive positions. Still, I wish that I had grasped the concepts a bit better in order to turn in an accurate and completed assignment. Better luck next time.

Inequality in Distance Education? Costs and Economics of Advanced Technologies

A fellow classmate posted the 2012 Horizon Report. This is the third or fourth Horizon Report that I’ve read and this is probably the first time that I’ve truly thought about the implications of the technologies discussed in the report, as it relates to costs and economics.  I thought about the distance education institutions that are currently struggling with providing their students with basic distance education services and wondered how or if they would ever be able to implement some of these “fancy” technologies in their distant classrooms.

This made me think about the fact that distance education has been implemented by many institutions, such as the Open University, in order to provide access to all those who seek an education, but who do not have appropriate access to the educational institutions in their communities.

The notion that distance education is an equalizer may not be so true because all distance education institutions are not on the same playing field. The institutions that may be able to implement some of the more complex technologies such as gesture-based computing for students and learning analytics for instructors will, by using these technologies, provide their students and instructors with a technological advantage over students who are using less-recent technology resources in order to complete their online classrooms.

In thinking about this topic, I realized that as an Instructional Designer, by day, and an online student, by night, the technologies that I use for these two segments of my life are totally different. By day, I use Blackboard, which many see as the “gold standard”, to create courses for various universities, including Walden University. By night, I use the less advanced WebTycho, which many students complain about in almost all of the courses that I’ve taken here at UMUC. The fact that UMUC is still using Webtycho is very confusing to me, especially since I’m enrolled here in a Distance Education program. I realized that if I were in a different work position in which I didn’t have access to and experience using more advanced technologies, such as Blackboard, I would probably not be as enriched as a student.

So my question is--how do smaller, less financially able institutions compete in the distance education world with institutions that provide students with online learning experiences that are enriched by the use of highly interactive and advanced technologies?

The First Assignment--Human Capital Theory

The first assignment came and went and provided me with several great insights into how I’m invested in as an employee at my current company. What I realized through researching and writing for this assignment is that my current company places less investment in me as an employee than I have experienced at some other companies where I’ve worked in the past. Although I’m grateful for and fulfilled in the health and wellness areas, my company lacks when it comes to making investments in my education and professional training. Professional training is rarely mentioned, and when it is, it is always an on-site training done by co-workers who are not usually experts on the training topic. As far as off-site training or conferences, those are never mentioned.

My company offers tuition reimbursement for 50% of tuition costs, but one has to stay with the company for at least two years after reimbursement or the money will have to be paid back. This is better than some employer plans, but again, I’ve experienced better tuition plans, so I guess I may be a bit spoiled.

Overall, I don’t feel invested in regarding training and development. Learning new things at work or through on the job training is usually done at such a frenetic pace, because of deadlines, that I’m unable to fully absorb the information and fully develop the skills that I’m learning.

In my paper, I highlighted several weaknesses of human capital theory, but reflecting on the two strengths that I discussed, I believe these strengths outweigh the weaknesses. My first strength was “…   the educational, health, and professional benefits and opportunities that individuals who are “invested” in are afforded” (p. 2).

The second strength that I discussed was “…the benefits that human capital provides to the society as a whole” (p. 3). I believe that these strengths of human capital theory outweigh the weaknesses because I find myself wondering what my own life would be like if I were not, in the past and currently, afforded some of the “investments”. I also think about my family members in past generations who were not invested in and feel extremely grateful for the opportunities and “investments” that have been made for me in both my educational and professional life. I also feel proud that I can share the benefits of my investments with family and friends.

Elixir or Snake Oil?

In Wolf’s article, “Elixir or Snake Oil? Can Education Really Deliver Growth?” she states, “Might education not be serving, essentially, as a simple way of ranking, screening and selecting people in a mass society? The simple answer to this last question is 'Yes'. Education today is a socially acceptable way of ranking people which most employers would find it hard to do without” (p.28). Initially when reading this statement, I agreed with Wolf’s assertion, but upon further reflection I realized that the answer to this question is not simple at all. I think that education, for certain fields, is essential in order to successfully work in those fields, so obviously education is a must under certain circumstances. For instance, one cannot become a doctor without proper education and one cannot become a firefighter without proper training. If there was a lack of education in these fields, lives would be endangered. I don’t know if education is necessarily a way of “ranking” individuals.

This makes me wonder, if two equally educated individuals were up for the same job, let’s say for a corporate sales or marketing position, would the individual who went to the “better” school of the two and had a few more years of experience get the job? Or would the person who displayed a more friendly, outgoing and assertive attitude get the job? I would think that it would be the latter, considering the type of position. I think that there are ways of ranking individuals, but I also think that employers also choose individuals off of personality, demeanor, and their intuition about the person’s capability to be successful in the role. In other words, this issue is not black and white. Factors other than education are taken into consideration when hiring for any position. I know several people who are exceptionally charming and can maneuver themselves into positions and roles that someone with their same level of education and experience would most likely find it hard to get into.

Reference:

Wolf, A. (2002). Elixir or snake oil? Can education really deliver growth? In A. Wolf (Ed.), Does education matter? Myths about education and economic growth (pp. 13- 55). London: Penguin.